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CTET previous-year-style questions — Child Development & Pedagogy, learning theories (Piaget, Vygotsky, Kohlberg), inclusive education and pedagogy of EVS & Maths. Application-based, exam-grade MCQs with explanations.

20 questions1 setUpdated 8 August 2026Child Development & Pedagogy
Child DevelopmentLearning & PedagogyInclusive EducationEVS PedagogyMaths Pedagogy

August 2026

Latest
8 August 2026·20 questions·monthly

Fresh set — 20 CTET questions on child development, pedagogy and inclusion.

  1. 1Child Development · PiagetMediumMCQ
    According to Piaget, "object permanence" — knowing an object still exists when out of sight — develops during which stage?
    • A) Sensorimotor
    • B) Preoperational
    • C) Concrete Operational
    • D) Formal Operational
    Show answer & solution
    Correct answer
    A
    Solution

    Object permanence develops in the Sensorimotor stage (birth–2 years).

  2. 2Child Development · PiagetMediumMCQ
    A child of 8–9 years can perform logical operations on concrete objects but struggles with abstract hypotheses. Which Piagetian stage is this?
    • A) Sensorimotor
    • B) Preoperational
    • C) Concrete Operational
    • D) Formal Operational
    Show answer & solution
    Correct answer
    C
    Solution

    The Concrete Operational stage (about 7–11 years) features logical thinking about concrete, tangible situations.

  3. 3Learning · VygotskyHardMCQ
    The difference between what a learner can do independently and what they can do with guidance is called:
    • A) Conservation
    • B) Zone of Proximal Development
    • C) Object permanence
    • D) Equilibration
    Show answer & solution
    Correct answer
    B
    Solution

    Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) is the gap between independent ability and assisted ability.

  4. 4Learning · VygotskyMediumMCQ
    The temporary, adjustable support a teacher provides that is gradually withdrawn as the learner becomes competent is called:
    • A) Reinforcement
    • B) Scaffolding
    • C) Conditioning
    • D) Modelling
    Show answer & solution
    Correct answer
    B
    Solution

    Scaffolding is the graduated support (within the ZPD) that is removed as the learner gains mastery.

  5. 5Child Development · KohlbergMediumMCQ
    Kohlberg’s theory of stages primarily explains the development of:
    • A) Language
    • B) Moral reasoning
    • C) Motor skills
    • D) Perception
    Show answer & solution
    Correct answer
    B
    Solution

    Kohlberg described stages of moral reasoning (pre-conventional, conventional, post-conventional).

  6. 6Child Development · KohlbergHardMCQ
    A child obeys rules mainly to avoid punishment. In Kohlberg’s theory, this reflects which level?
    • A) Pre-conventional
    • B) Conventional
    • C) Post-conventional
    • D) Autonomous
    Show answer & solution
    Correct answer
    A
    Solution

    Obeying to avoid punishment is the obedience-and-punishment orientation of the Pre-conventional level.

  7. 7Child Development · PiagetMediumMCQ
    In Piaget’s theory, fitting new information into an existing mental scheme is called:
    • A) Accommodation
    • B) Assimilation
    • C) Scaffolding
    • D) Maturation
    Show answer & solution
    Correct answer
    B
    Solution

    Assimilation is interpreting new experiences using existing schemas; accommodation is changing the schema to fit new information.

  8. 8Learning · TheoriesMediumMCQ
    Learning through observing and imitating others (modelling) is central to which theory?
    • A) Piaget’s cognitive theory
    • B) Bandura’s social learning theory
    • C) Skinner’s operant conditioning
    • D) Pavlov’s classical conditioning
    Show answer & solution
    Correct answer
    B
    Solution

    Albert Bandura’s Social Learning Theory emphasises learning by observation and modelling.

  9. 9Learning · IntelligenceMediumMCQ
    The theory of "Multiple Intelligences" (linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, etc.) was proposed by:
    • A) Alfred Binet
    • B) Howard Gardner
    • C) Charles Spearman
    • D) Jean Piaget
    Show answer & solution
    Correct answer
    B
    Solution

    Howard Gardner proposed the theory of Multiple Intelligences.

  10. 10Pedagogy · AssessmentMediumMCQ
    The main purpose of formative assessment is to:
    • A) Rank students at the end of the year
    • B) Provide feedback to improve learning during instruction
    • C) Certify completion of a course
    • D) Compare schools
    Show answer & solution
    Correct answer
    B
    Solution

    Formative assessment is ongoing and diagnostic — it guides and improves learning while teaching is in progress.

  11. 11Inclusive EducationMediumMCQ
    Inclusive education primarily means:
    • A) Separate special schools for children with disabilities
    • B) Educating children with and without disabilities together in the same classroom
    • C) Home schooling for all children
    • D) Teaching only gifted children
    Show answer & solution
    Correct answer
    B
    Solution

    Inclusive education places children with and without special needs in the same regular classroom with appropriate support.

  12. 12Inclusive EducationMediumMCQ
    A child of average intelligence has persistent difficulty in reading and spelling despite adequate teaching. This is most likely:
    • A) Dyslexia
    • B) Dyscalculia
    • C) Dysgraphia
    • D) Low motivation
    Show answer & solution
    Correct answer
    A
    Solution

    Dyslexia is a specific learning disability affecting reading and spelling; dyscalculia affects maths and dysgraphia affects writing.

  13. 13Learning · MotivationMediumMCQ
    A student reads extra books purely out of curiosity and interest. This is an example of:
    • A) Extrinsic motivation
    • B) Intrinsic motivation
    • C) Negative reinforcement
    • D) Punishment
    Show answer & solution
    Correct answer
    B
    Solution

    Intrinsic motivation comes from within — driven by interest and satisfaction rather than external rewards.

  14. 14Pedagogy · ConstructivismHardMCQ
    The constructivist view of learning holds that learners:
    • A) Passively receive knowledge from the teacher
    • B) Actively construct knowledge by connecting new experiences to prior understanding
    • C) Learn only through repetition and drill
    • D) Cannot learn without rewards
    Show answer & solution
    Correct answer
    B
    Solution

    Constructivism sees learners as active meaning-makers who build understanding on their existing knowledge.

  15. 15Maths PedagogyHardMCQ
    A teacher notices a student consistently making the same error in subtraction. The best pedagogical response is to:
    • A) Punish the student for carelessness
    • B) Analyse the error to identify and address the underlying misconception
    • C) Ask the student to copy correct answers ten times
    • D) Ignore it as a one-off mistake
    Show answer & solution
    Correct answer
    B
    Solution

    Errors are windows into thinking; diagnosing the misconception behind a systematic error is the constructive, effective response.

  16. 16EVS PedagogyMediumMCQ
    At the primary level, Environmental Studies (EVS) is best taught through:
    • A) Rote memorisation of definitions
    • B) Children’s direct experiences, observation and activities in their environment
    • C) Lengthy lectures
    • D) Only textbook reading
    Show answer & solution
    Correct answer
    B
    Solution

    EVS pedagogy is experiential — rooted in the child’s immediate environment, observation and hands-on activity.

  17. 17Pedagogy · LanguageMediumMCQ
    "Language across the curriculum" implies that:
    • A) Only the language teacher is responsible for language
    • B) Every teacher, in every subject, supports language development
    • C) Children should learn only one language
    • D) Language should be taught separately from content
    Show answer & solution
    Correct answer
    B
    Solution

    It means language development is a shared responsibility across all subjects, not just the language class.

  18. 18Pedagogy · AssessmentMediumMCQ
    Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE) emphasises:
    • A) A single year-end examination
    • B) Ongoing assessment of both scholastic and co-scholastic areas
    • C) Ranking students publicly
    • D) Only written tests
    Show answer & solution
    Correct answer
    B
    Solution

    CCE is continuous (throughout the year) and comprehensive (covering scholastic and co-scholastic development).

  19. 19Pedagogy · AssessmentMediumMCQ
    A rubric in assessment is best described as:
    • A) A type of punishment
    • B) A set of explicit criteria and performance levels used to evaluate work
    • C) A seating plan
    • D) A textbook chapter
    Show answer & solution
    Correct answer
    B
    Solution

    A rubric lists clear criteria and descriptors for different levels of performance, making assessment transparent and consistent.

  20. 20Child DevelopmentMediumMCQ
    Development proceeds from the head towards the feet (head control before walking). This principle is called:
    • A) Proximodistal
    • B) Cephalocaudal
    • C) Differentiation
    • D) Equilibration
    Show answer & solution
    Correct answer
    B
    Solution

    The cephalocaudal principle: development progresses from head to toe (e.g., head control precedes control of legs).

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